Secondhand+Smoke

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Secondhand smoke (SHS) or Passive Smoking is the combination of two types of smoke that come from burning tobacco. One type is **side stream smoke**, the smoke coming from the end of a lit cigarette, cigar or pipe. The other type is **mainstream smoke**, the smoke the person exhales into the air. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US National Toxicology Program have all declared SHS as a "Known Human Carcinogen" (a substance that causes cancer or helps cancer grow) (American Cancer Society, 2011).======

The difference between the two types is sidestream smoke is more deadly. It has higher concerntrations of carcinogens (cancer causing agents). Furthermore, it is absorbed by the body easier than mainstream smoke because the smoke particles are smaller. (American Cancer Society, 2011).


 * Thirdhand Smoke:** Long after smoke has left the room, smoke particles remain in the dust on surfaces, floors and in fabrics.

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__**SHS is more dangerous when compared to smoke inhaled by the smoker:**__
 * SHS contains 2 times as much nicotine and tar
 * SHS contains 5 times more carbon monoxide (gas that starves the body of oxygen)
 * Tobacco Smoke contains 4,000 toxic chemicals while SHS contains over 7,000, 60 of which are cancer causing agents
 * According to the National Cancer Institute (2011), the cancer causing agents include:
 * **Toxic Chemical** || **Description** || **Exposure can cause** ||
 * Arsenic || Chemical used to kill weeds and pests || High levels lead to nausea, diarrhea, muscle weakness and cramping ||
 * Benzene || Found in vehicle emissions, gasoline fumes and tobacco smoke || Leukemia ||
 * Beryllium || Toxic metal || Lung cancer ||
 * 1,3-Butadiene || Hazardous gas ||  ||
 * Chronium || Metallic element ||  ||
 * Ethylene oxide || Used to make antifreeze, to clean medical equipment and as a pesticide || Lung damage, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and shortness of breath and cancer ||
 * Nickel || Metallic element ||  ||
 * Vinyl chloride || Used to make plastics || Lymphoma, leukemia, liver, brain and lung cancers ||
 * Polonium-210 || A radioactive chemical element ||  ||
 * Benzoapyrene || Found in coal tar, car exhaust and gas products || Skin rash, burning feeling, skin colour changes, warts and bronchitis, cancer ||
 * Formalyhede || Used to preserve dead animals || Leukemia and brain cancer ||
 * Hydrogen Cyanide || Used as a genocidal agent during World War II and in rat poison || Headache, dizziness, nausea, seizures, fainting and rapid death ||
 * Ammonia || Used to clean floor and toilets ||  ||
 * Toluene || Used to make fuels, paint, paint thinner, nail polish, glue and rubber || Headache, confusion, fatigue, weakness, memory loss, nausea, loss of appetite, hearing and vision loss, kidney damage and death. ||

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