Signs+of+Improvement

We are indeed showing improvement. The following are statistics and facts for Canada and the United States as it relates to initiates for protecting non-smokers.

 * ======1971 - US Surgeon General, Jesse L. Steinfeld declared "Nonsmokers have as much right to clean indoor air... as smokers have to their so-called right to smoke". Journal Compilation (2010). A significant decline in smoking has occured since this statement.======


 * According to the Journal Compilation (2010), continine levels in American children aged 4-11 dropped nearly 75% during the 1990's. Continine is a majory metabolite of Nicotine and has Central Nervous System stimulating properties.


 * In the US, non-smoking homes with children under 18 years of age increased from 25% in 1992 to 35% in 2000 as shown in the Journal Compilation (2010).


 * The Pregnancy Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) have gathering minor improved results for pregnant smokers in the United States. Journal Compilation (2010).
 * Smoking during pregnancy was reduced from 15.2% in 2000 to 13.8% in 2005.
 * Smoking after giving birth declined from 18.1% in 2000 to 16.4% in 2005


 * The Canadian research done by (Stephens, Pederson, Koval & Kim, 1997) reveals that as the price of cigarettes doubled between 1980 and 1989, the amount of smoking youth declined by 52%.


 * Between 1991 and 1994, Canada reduced the price of cigarettes by 50% to fight against the smuggling of cigarettes into Canada by New York State. As this happened, the decline of 52% in the 80's was reversed coinciding with the decrease in the price to consumers. (Stephens, Pederson, Koval & Kim, 1997)


 * Most Americans are exposed to SHS and smoking bylaws varies among the states. As cited in an online article by the National Cancer Institute (2011), the U.S Department of Health and Human Services has begun a sophisticated program called Healthy People 2020. It is a health promotion initiative to reduce illness, disability and death relatedto SHS and Tobacco. With it the government is aiming to reduce the proportion of people exposed to SHS by 10%.



Smoke-free Ontario Act enforced the following retrictions:

 * Prohibited smoking in bars, restaurants, sports stadia and other public places.
 * Bans of public displays of tobacco products before being purchased
 * Bans on youth-targeted tobacco products such as flavoured cigarillos.